FLASH
Shkruar nga Ben Andoni
The conspiracy theory, articulated as an idea by the late Gramoz Pashko, one of the protagonists of the democratic changes and modified by the PD-ists, would cost the country a spirit of destruction, which conveyed almost a national pathology.
Anyone of a certain age remembers the so-called "White Check" at the dawn of Albanian democracy. The conspiracy theory, articulated as an idea by the late Gramoz Pashko, one of the protagonists of the democratic changes and modified by the PD-ists, would cost the country a spirit of destruction, which conveyed almost a national pathology.
Factories, institutions, enterprises, fields, orchards and plantations would be burned and wasted under the pretense that the Czech would replace them and we would be nationally teleported to El Dorado! The conspiracy theories of the post '90s would follow each other, but in all of them, the politicians would mostly be the only protagonists. Berisha has a plan with the "Americans"... "Rama will lead "NATO". The peak would be reached in the period of COVID-19.
A number of regional studies also belong to this time, including a survey by the "Balkan Policy Advisory Group in Europe" organization, which ranked the citizens of Albania as the population most vulnerable to misinformation about the virus (A2 CNN, 2022). Theoretically, conspiracy theories are most often political in nature, and they are even more often explained by insufficient evidence. In Albania, they take place not simply because of functional illiteracy, but also because of a very repressed and gossip-hungry society. Researchers Douglas & Sutton (2011) concluded that belief in conspiracies is associated with low analytical thinking, low intelligence, paranoia and Machiavellianism. Conspiracy theory, by definition, is the belief that various individuals or groups "are acting in secret to achieve a malicious goal." The case of Albania shows it as a phenomenon because they are often criticized and because people are more and more confused with democracy itself.
"Amassing evidence suggests that such beliefs arise from deep wells of social mistrust, cynicism, polarization and feelings of alienation" (Douglas et al. 2013). "As such, the prominence of conspiracy theories in a society is more a symptom than a cause of recent challenges to democracy," Scott Radnitz is quoted in his article: 'Why Democracy Fuels Conspiracy Theories' of Conspiracy”).
Yes, our case is also riddled with political paradoxes, which fill the tank of the conspiracy machine. As the political scientist Afrim Krasniqi notes: "Only in pre-democratic countries like Albania can it happen that party leaders who just lose the elections, are voted in absolute majority for other leadership mandates". The question that often arises is what result would the same presidents get if they were winners in the parliamentary elections? "We have an answer: in 2009, Rama received over 93% of the votes in the party, when he lost the parliamentary elections, and about 94% of the votes, when he won the parliamentary elections. In the Democratic Party, Mr. Basha received over 91% of the votes of the militants only a month after he achieved the lowest historical result of the Democratic Party, only 28% of the national votes", says the head of the Institute of Political Studies.
More on our topic, for almost months, weeks and days we have been told that SPAK has total American support and a large number of media people know "more precisely" when Ilir Meta will be 'arrested'; what will happen to Berisha; and how is Rama ending up, that they cut his ticket to the USA. Other voices, released by people who don't blush, have been announcing the occasional arrests of the three aforementioned characters for years and years. It is understood that the void left behind by such news is filled by conspiracy theories, which are so easily planted among us. Here are some points of view: Meta has paid and the fact is that he did not use SPAK in the Convention, so the silence of SPAK, which has been put in the bag(!), is understandable; Rama and his power own all the politics of SPAK; Berisha has made a pact with Rama and will escape prison... by staying in custody. We are leaving undisturbed those who, with mathematical certainty, place Albanian in the pantheon of languages and the beginnings of every spoken and dead language in the world, just like the proponents of history, who without any precise argument make us the oldest people …
Por, teoritë e konspiracionit, sidomos ato që përhapen në mënyrë virale, mund të kenë pasoja të rënda. Në shkencë njihet rasti i mohimit të AIDS-it përmes teorive konspirative që shkaktoi mbi 300 mijë vdekje nga SIDA në Afrikën e Jugut; ato të kronikës politike: QAnon që çoi në sulmin e Capitol-it të SHBA-ve dhe… Historia përmend edhe faktin se terroristët Anders Breivik dhe Timothy McVeigh u ndikuan fuqishëm nga teoritë konspirative. Ne, shqiptarët, mbrujtur nga teoritë e ndryshme që gëluan në 1997 desh e shkretuam vendin dhe e çuam në zgrip, paçka se gjashtë vite më parë, e kishim rrjepur në mënyrën më të hidhur. Pak vite më parë, njerëzit zbarkuan masivisht në një qytet të jugut për të shkuar në Gjermani! Paradoksalisht, ‘thashethemi’, që u mundua të kundërshtohej edhe nga ambasada e Republikës Federative Gjermane, doli se nuk ishte thjesht konspiracion. Pak muaj më vonë, shqiptarët do të zbarkonin masivisht drejt Gjermanisë. Teori konspiracioni apo jo?! A është prirja drejt botës së thashethemnajës? Ah, për këtë jemi kampionë të padiskutueshëm dhe e kemi treguar sidomos në këtë kohë. Rasti i fundi tregoi se gjërat janë ndërkallur shumë në dekadat e fundit dhe konspiracionet nuk janë shpesh pa burim. Vaksinat dhe përballja me kompanitë prodhuese, si dhe pasojat te të vaksinuarit po i ushqejnë jo pak njerëzit.
Një studiues amerikan i shkencave politike Michael Barkun i ka ndarë teoritë e konspiracionit në tri kategori mirëfilli të dallueshme: ngjarje (si psh., vrasja e Kenedit ose 11 shtatori), sistematike (masonët, WEF etj.) ose superkonspiracion (psh., QAnon, “Son of the Godhead” e Icke). Respektivisht në kushtet shqiptare, viti 1997; Familjet e Bllokut dhe pinjollët e tyre, etj..
Si e tillë, spikatja e teorive konspirative në shoqëritë e sotme është më shumë një simptomë, sesa shkak i sfidave të fundit ndaj demokracisë. Megjithatë, përtej funksionit të tyre si shprehje e imagjinatës së qytetarëve për keqdrejtimet dhe abuzimet më të këqija të pushtetit, teoritë e konspiracionit shërbejnë për qëllime që po i bëjnë ato deri diku të dobishme si retorikë politike (Radnitz, 2022). Të mjafton të dëgjon sot diskursin e politikanëve dhe kupton nga “i vjen fuqia e jashtëzakonshme” Edi Ramës, që thotë më mirë ne sesa ata; apo pse “opozita është kaq e përçarë”, me aq armiq sa kanë sjellë. Ndërkohë konspiracionet edhe pse konsiderohen si më shumë simptomatike sjellin probleme jo të pakta sociale, duke e degraduar besimin në institucionet demokratike dhe duke përkeqësuar dobësitë e demokracisë (Barkun, 2013). Akuzat që i bëhen sot opozitës për individë, që kanë lidhje me UDB-në; individë publikë që pohojnë filtrimin në pushtet të spiunëve të Sigurimit; akuzave ndaj maxhorancës që ka blerë dhe faktorin e huaj, disa herë e kalojnë imagjinatën. Përmendja e armiqve të brendshëm dhe të jashtëm janë sot të dukshëm dhe të habit retorika, që i shkon më së shumti komunizmit. Të mjafton të shikosh aktivitetet e fundit të PD-së dhe PL-së.
Moreover, the view of conspiracy theories as a monopoly of autocrats is outdated. In the 21st century, conspiracy theories seem to be democratizing. Whereas once the promotion of conspiracy theories could be weakened, paradoxically in a democracy the promotion of conspiracy sometimes brings not isolation but electoral rewards. Competition itself, which is one of the tenets of democratic politics, is itself a contributor to conspiratorial rhetoric. Blacking out the opposition in all ways served Rama to know 'exactly' how many deputies he would get in the last elections (!), or that gave the opposition an argument to say that the manipulation was alive and open and that the state was pro . Without the possibility to prove not a few times the obvious violations, as in the case of the opposition, the conspiracy theories, in a way, are helping to go to what happens to the power and which is increasingly destroying the very image of democracy. . Except, as such, the latter is democratizing conspiracy theories themselves.
Lini një Përgjigje