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The increase in immigrant flows has been reflected in the significant increase in residence permits that European Union countries have granted to Albanian citizens in 2022.
According to Eurostat, in 2022 about 74 thousand Albanian citizens (73,858) received a residence permit in one of the EU countries. Compared to a year ago, the number of permits has increased by 34%.
Meanwhile, this is the highest figure found since 2010, clearly showing an increasing trend of people leaving the country with the intention of living and working in one of the European Union states.
Since 2008, when the earliest Eurostat data is reported, European Union countries have granted a total of 832,000 residence permits to Albanian citizens. This figure is almost a third of the population that is reported to live in Albania (the census that will accurately show the number of people who have remained in the country is taking place this year).
International institutions see residence permits as the main indicator to measure a country's migration levels.
The graph "Residence permits for Albanian citizens from EU countries" shows that after peaking in 2008 (the first year when Eurostat reports data) the number of residence permits began to decline significantly until 2014, reflecting the end of the first cycle of immigration, which started in the first half of the 90s. Then the revival of this cycle began in 2015, which was also reflected in the high number of requests for asylum, which at that time reached the record of almost 70 thousand people.
Permits granted, as well as asylum applications, then fell in 2020 as a result of pandemic restrictions. After the pandemic, a new wave of emigration began again, which was strongly felt in the country, both in the labor market with businesses that could not find any employees, and in consumption, with enterprises complaining about a drop in sales.
The increase in residence permits in 2022 is in line with the increase in asylum applications this year, which reached the highest level in almost a decade.
Italy and Greece are the main countries that have granted residence permits to Albanian citizens in years, while in 2022 there was a significant increase in permits granted by Germany. In 2022, Italy granted 34.8 thousand residence permits, Greece 14.3 thousand and Germany 13.3 thousand.
According to the reasons, in 2022, almost 75% of the permits were given for family reasons, 4.3% for studies and the rest for other reasons.
Nearly 3.7 million residence permits in total were granted for the first time in 2022 in the EU
According to Eurostat, during 2022 in the European Union almost 3.7 million residence permits were granted for the first time to non-EU citizens, an increase of 26 percent (+753 445 permits) compared to 2021. The total figure is more the highest recorded since 2009, reaching the level recorded before the pandemic in 2019, where 3 million residence permits were granted.
"Employment reasons" accounted for 42% of all residence permits granted in 2022, with around 1.6 million permits, which shows an increase of 18% compared to 2021 (+243 617).
"Family reasons" made up 24%, "other reasons", including international protection, made up 21%, and "educational reasons" 13%.
Krahasuar me vitin 2021, këto tre arsye kryesore shënuan rritje të konsiderueshme: “arsye të tjera” u rritën me 37% (+209 074), e ndjekur nga “arsye arsimore” (+33%; +117 230) dhe arsye familjare” (+26 %; +183 524).
Ndër vendet e BE-së për të cilat disponohen të dhëna në vitin 2022, Gjermania kryesoi listën e lejeve të qëndrimit të dhëna për herë të për në BE, me 538 690 leje (15% e totalit të lejeve të lëshuara në BE). Më shumë se 300 000 leje të para janë lëshuar gjithashtu nga Spanja (12%; 457 412 leje;), Italia (9%; 337788) dhe Franca (9%; 324 200).
Rritja më e madhe relative në numrin total të lejeve të dhëna në vitin 2022, krahasuar me vitin 2021, është regjistruar në Gjermani: +190% (nga 185 570 në 2021 në 538 690 në 2022). Rritja në Gjermani ishte kryesisht për shkak të rritjes së numrit të lejeve të dhëna për arsye familjare dhe të tjera. Gjermania ndiqet nga Malta (+164%; nga 14 358 në 37 851) dhe Irlanda (+146%; nga 34 935 në 85 793).
Ulje në numrin total të lejeve të lëshuara në 2022 krahasuar me 2021 u regjistruan në Çeki (-28%; nga 74 395 në 53 809), Sllovaki (-6%; nga 29 067 në 27 441) dhe Hungari (-1 %; nga 58 115 në 57 286).
Destinacionet më të zakonshme për punë në vitin 2022 për të cilat disponohen të dhëna ishin Spanja (145 314 leje), Gjermania (81 795 leje) dhe Italia (66 791 leje).
The EU countries with the highest number of leaves granted for family reasons in 2022 were Germany (5%; 188 367), Spain (5%; 168 804) and Italy (4%; 131 275) of the total first residence permits.
Germany also topped the list of "other reasons", with 198,456 permits and 5% of the total first residence permits, followed by Italy (114,256) with 3%.
France granted the most education-related permits (3%; 104,777), followed by Germany (70,072) and Spain (58,636), each with 2% of the total./REL
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