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In 2023, ocean temperatures reached a new record for warming waters, with increased heat content, stratification and salinity.
This is the conclusion reached by an international team on ocean temperature and climate indicators, a study which also includes scientists from the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and ENEA.
The temperature of ocean waters has increased between 8 and 15 ZettaJoules compared to 2022 in the layer between 0 and 2000 meters depth. The Mediterranean has reached its highest thermal value since the beginning of modern records.
The study recalls that ocean waters cover 70% of the planet and absorb approximately 90% of the heat caused by global warming. Their temperature increased by a value between 8 (according to NOAA calculation) and 15 (IAP-CAS calculation) ZettaJoule compared to 2022 in the layer between 0 and 2000 meters deep. 1 ZettaJoule is equivalent to doubling the amount of energy that powers the world economy each year.
The different results appear to be mainly attributable to different data quality control procedures and calculation methodologies. In addition to the general warming of the waters, very strong anomalies were also found in the surface temperatures of the ocean, with unexpected values that are attributed in this case not only to global warming, but also to short-term thermal fluctuations of the Pacific Ocean due to the transition of La phenomena Niña and El Niño, starting in May 2023.
The overall warm waters produced by the combination of these factors may alter the global meteorological trend. In 2023, the Mediterranean confirmed itself as the fastest warming basin among those analyzed in the study. According to the researchers, since 2013 the Tyrrhenian Sea has shown a clear warming in the water layer between 150 and 450 meters deep, which then extended to deeper ones (up to 700 meters).
In this case, between 2013 and 2016, the warming was greater than 0.4 degrees, followed by a slight decline and a stationary period. Water temperatures have started to rise again since 2021, reaching their record in September 2023. The study was published in the journal Advances in Atmospheric Science and was carried out by an international team, coordinated by IAP-CAS (Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ) and composed of American scientists from NCEI-NOAA (National Centers for Environmental Information of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), New Zealanders, the French and, for Italy, Simona Simoncelli of INGV and Franco Reseghetti of ' AENEAS.
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