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Mark Carney, the current leader of the Liberal Party, who took over as prime minister after the departure of former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, is leading his party towards a fourth term, but it seems that this can only be achieved through a coalition.
Millions of Canadians voted Monday in a federal snap election that has focused largely on how candidates will respond to U.S. President Donald Trump's threats of tariffs and his call to make Canada the 51st state.
Mark Carney, the current leader of the Liberal Party, who took over as prime minister after the departure of former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, is leading his party towards a fourth term, but it seems that this can only be achieved through a coalition.
Carney's Liberals lead in more than 150 seats, but currently fall short of the 172 seats needed for a majority. The Conservatives, led by Pierre Poilievre, are expected to remain in opposition as the second-largest party.
The remaining seats are divided between the Bloc Québécois - which only has candidates in the province of Quebec - the New Democratic Party (NDP) and the Green Party.
Canada has a "first past the post" electoral system. The candidate who receives the most votes in each electoral district, or electoral district, wins that seat and becomes a Member of Parliament (MP).
The Liberals and Conservatives have dominated the popular vote, with both parties receiving more than 40% of the ballots counted across Canada so far. That puts them on track to win a combined 90% of the seats.
Is Carney already Prime Minister?
Liberal leader Mark Carney does not need to be sworn in again. Instead, he will continue to do his job, as will his cabinet ministers.
If Carney decides to reshuffle his cabinet, there will be a ceremony with the governor-general, but until then, ministers remain in their posts. Carney could choose to reshuffle his cabinet after bringing in a smaller team when he became prime minister last month.
When Parliament opens after the elections, the swearing-in of members and the election of the Speaker of the Assembly are expected.
What has Carney said he will do as prime minister?
One of his priorities is to improve relations with US President Donald Trump.
When the pair spoke in late March, Carney and Trump agreed that they would begin negotiations on a new economic and security relationship immediately after the election.
When Parliament returns, it is possible that the Liberals will quickly introduce legislation focused on securing the Canadian economy in the face of U.S. tariff barriers.
That could include a promised tax cut for middle-class Canadians and moving forward with a "one bill, one review" process to speed up approval of key energy and mining proposals. The Liberals have said they want to make Canada a "clean and conventional energy" superpower.
They have also pledged to invest 5 billion Canadian dollars in a trade diversification fund.
Can liberals form a government alone?
The Liberals may be the largest party in the House of Commons, but they may still fail to secure the 172 votes needed for a majority.
The most likely scenario, if this happens, is that they form a minority government with Carney as prime minister, where they reach agreements with other parties to survive no-confidence votes and pass legislation in Parliament.
What will happen to the opposition conservatives?
Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre is on track to make significant gains with the party's vote share, securing roughly 41% of the vote with just over half of the polls reporting, according to Election Canada.
That would be the highest the party has achieved in decades. They are currently projected to have won 148 seats - an increase from the 120 they had won at the time of the dissolution, when the election was called.
But with the progressive vote coalescing around the Liberals, those numbers weren't enough to win.
This will be a bitter defeat for the Conservatives, who just a few months ago had a clear path to victory and will now have to find a way forward after a series of election defeats.
It will now be up to the party to decide whether it wants to keep Pierre Poilievre as leader, the third leader they have had since the Liberals won the 2015 election./ Pamphlet
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