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Greece is quietly reviewing its defense doctrine and investing billions of euros in military modernization, a development that could affect the military balance in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean. According to “Inside Over,” the new strategy comes at a time of continued tension with Turkey and in a region where the arms race is intensifying.
Land, sea, air, cyberspace and aerospace operations: Athens invests 25 billion euros in armament programs
Greece is undergoing a new phase in its defense doctrine, a change that has passed relatively unnoticed, but which could affect the military balance in the Aegean Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean.
In April last year, Athens announced a broad investment plan to modernize its armed forces, with a particular focus on the navy and aviation. According to the plan, around 25 billion euros are expected to be spent on armaments programs by 2036, with the aim of purchasing new military systems and developing the domestic defense industry.
This program represents not only an increase in spending, but also a change in the way Greece plans its defense, in a region where tensions with Turkey remain constant.
In November, Greek Defense Minister Nikos Dendias presented a new strategy called “multi-domain deterrence,” which includes operations on land, sea, air, cyberspace, and aerospace.
One of the main changes is that the defense of the Aegean will no longer rely primarily on the naval fleet, but increasingly on long-range missile systems deployed on the islands. The idea is to create a strike network that can react quickly in the event of a crisis and limit the movement of opposing naval forces.
For this modernization, Greece is relying on close cooperation with France, the United States and Israel.
France has supplied Athens with Belharra frigates and Rafale fighter jets, and the two countries also have a mutual defense agreement. The United States has included Greece in the F-35 aircraft program, while Turkey has been excluded from this project.
On the other hand, Israel is providing air defense systems, drones, and surveillance and electronic warfare technology.
However, this modernization is also seen as part of a broader military competition in the region, where the rivalry between Greece and Turkey continues to remain a destabilizing factor.
Italy is participating in several projects related to Greek military modernization, but trying to maintain a balanced stance towards Turkey.
One of the main projects is the new air defense system called "Achilles Shield", worth about 2.8 billion euros, designed to protect against drones, aircraft and missiles.
Another important program is the purchase of four new submarines, for which companies from Germany, France, Sweden, Italy and South Korea are competing.
The last Albania in the region
Meanwhile, in stark contrast to this arms race in the Eastern Mediterranean, Albania remains one of the countries with the most limited military capabilities in the region. The Albanian armed forces have only two Turkish-made Bayraktar drones and a few Javelin anti-tank systems, while in many other areas – such as air defense, missile systems or advanced naval capabilities – they are almost completely absent. This large military gap makes Albania one of the least equipped actors in a region where surrounding countries are investing billions in modernizing their armies. / Adapted from “Inside Over”
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