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According to the Normandy Index 2025, prepared by the European Parliament Research Service (EPRS), Kosovo ranks 13th in the world for the lowest level of threats to peace and democracy.
Practically, this places Kosovo in the top 10% of the most resilient countries globally and in first place in the Western Balkans for strategic security.
This index does not measure “how calm a country appears,” but how exposed it is to real risks: political destabilization, disinformation, external pressure, economic crisis, energy insecurity, and hybrid threats. It is an instrument used by the European Union to understand where the risks are and where there are real capacities to deal with them.
How does the Western Balkans fare in this assessment:
• Kosovo (13) clearly emerges as the strongest in the region. It has high institutional and social resilience; the main challenge remains confronting disinformation, mainly imported from abroad.
• Albania (20) presents a solid performance and above most countries in the region, with manageable risks.
• Montenegro (21) is one of the positive surprises of the index, marking a significant improvement compared to previous years and ranking among the countries with the greatest global rise.
• North Macedonia (26) marks a slight decline, mainly due to internal political tensions and institutional weaknesses.
• Serbia (41) ranks significantly lower. The index identifies serious problems in democratic processes and resilience to disinformation. The report also highlights that Serbia is a founding member of the China-led 16+1 initiative and maintains close strategic ties with Russia, factors that increase its exposure to geopolitical pressures and hybrid threats.
• Bosnia and Herzegovina (54) remains among the most fragile in the region, with weak institutions, significant democratic problems and a constant risk of destabilization.
More broadly, European Union countries continue to be less vulnerable than the global average. Meanwhile, the report highlights that Russia and China are among the countries with the greatest decline in their strategic security profile, while the United States marks one of the greatest improvements.
The global average of the index for 2025 is 5.79 out of 10, indicating a world more uncertain than before, but not yet out of control.
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