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Climate scientists have raised the alarm about the possibility of a "super El Niño," a very powerful climate phenomenon that could bring record temperatures, massive flooding and other atmospheric anomalies globally. According to forecasts, the probability of the phenomenon developing by June reaches 70%.
El Niño and its opposite, La Niña, are important climate cycles that occur every 2 to 7 years and directly affect global climate. El Niño is characterized by warming of waters in the equatorial Pacific, which alters atmospheric circulation and the distribution of heat across the planet.
In contrast, La Niña usually attenuates the effects of El Niño. While the neutral phase occurs when these processes remain in balance. The transition from one phase to the other usually occurs during the spring, while the peak of the phenomenon is recorded at the end of the year or at the beginning of the following year.
Experts point out that even relatively small changes in ocean temperature, from 1 to 3 degrees Celsius, can significantly affect precipitation, extreme temperatures and hurricane activity.
According to American climatologists, the Earth is gradually moving from the La Niña phase to a neutral state, but there are clear signs of the rapid development of El Niño. Meteorologists warn that this could lead to unprecedented weather phenomena. The probability that El Niño will form by the end of the year is estimated at 94%.
Although the exact intensity of the upcoming episode is not yet confirmed, current ocean temperatures point to a strong scenario. British meteorologists are also warning of the possibility of a very strong El Niño, potentially the strongest of the 21st century.
Some climate models compare its potential to the devastating phenomenon of 1877, which was accompanied by mass famine and millions of victims in some parts of the world. However, experts explain that the consequences depend on many factors and the most affected regions have not yet been precisely determined.
Currently, the unusually large amount of warm water beneath the surface of the Pacific is considered among the largest ever recorded, a key factor in the development of El Niño.
The phenomenon usually brings higher temperatures to regions such as Australia, Africa, India and South America, while increasing the risk of intense rainfall and flooding in the southern United States, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
El Niño typically reduces hurricane activity in the Atlantic but increases the likelihood of powerful storms in the Pacific Ocean.
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