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Schools should consider introducing more flexible schedules, allowing students to start classes later in the morning, a group of Swiss researchers has recommended, arguing that teenagers have a biological rhythm that causes them to go to bed and wake up later than adults.
According to them, many young people fail to meet their daily need for sleep due to the early start of school, which has consequences for well-being and the learning process.
"This is concerning, as chronic sleep deprivation not only affects well-being, but also has measurable consequences on mental health, physical development and learning ability," said Oscar Jenni from the University of Zurich, part of the team that published the study in the scientific journal Journal of Adolescent Health.
The study analyzed the effects of a flexible model implemented three years ago at a high school in the canton of St. Gallen. Until then, classes at this institution started at 7:20 a.m.
With the change in the schedule, students were offered two alternatives: to attend optional classes that started at 07:30 or to start regular classes at 08:30.
Researchers compared academic performance and sleep habits of students before and after the new system was implemented. According to the results, 95% of students chose to go to school later, gaining up to 40 minutes more sleep each morning. The time they went to bed remained almost the same, which led to an increase in the total duration of sleep at night.
After implementing flexible schedules, improved results were found, especially in math and English. Students also reported fewer sleep-related concerns and an increase in health-related quality of life, said study leader Joëlle Albrecht.
According to the research team, flexibility in school schedules can positively impact not only academic performance, but also in addressing the growing mental health challenges among young people.
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