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Rajoni dhe Bota2026-05-16 14:30:00

Strategy book; how is Tehran using the Kremlin's negotiation tactics?

Shkruar nga Pamfleti
Strategy book; how is Tehran using the Kremlin's negotiation tactics?
Putin and Khamenei killed in US strikes

Washington is considering next steps toward Tehran, but some analysts say they are seeing the emergence of familiar patterns, not from the Middle East, but from the Kremlin's playbook.

In an interview with Radio Free Europe, Luke Coffey, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, which focuses on national security and transatlantic relations, says that Iran appears to be directly using Russia's negotiating strategy: to drag out talks, seek concessions gradually, and avoid meaningful engagement while simultaneously presenting itself as diplomatic.

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: When you look at Iran's reaction to recent peace proposals, do you see parallels with Russia's approach to the Ukraine negotiations, publicly embracing diplomacy while privately increasing demands?

Luke Coffey: There are many similarities, because Iran has been following [US special envoy Steve] Witkoff's "playbook" over the last year with Russia. The Iranians know what they can achieve without consequences. They know how to prolong the discussions, to make it look like Trump is achieving something, when in reality he is not going to achieve anything. And they learned that from the Russians.

Radio Free Europe: Both Moscow and Tehran want sanctions relief before making major concessions. Is this diplomacy or pressure politics disguised as diplomacy?

Luke Coffey: From their perspective, it makes sense for it to happen this way. They will demand this regardless of whether the Trump administration lifts sanctions first. It remains to be seen.

In the case of Russia, it could be argued that perhaps the lifting of sanctions on Russian crude oil, which many observers thought was related to global markets and Iran, was actually a concession that the Trump administration made to Russia.

If I were Iran or Russia, I would like to see the international sanctions lifted. I would like to see the frozen assets released. But it would be a mistake to do that at this point, because Russia is the aggressor here. In the case of Iran, Iran has a 47-year history of committing terrorism in the region, particularly targeting American interests. It should be their job to make the first move, not the United States'.

Radio Free Europe: Russia is demanding the return of frozen assets, while Iran is demanding access to frozen funds and economic normalization. How dangerous is it when negotiations become less about peace and more about the financial recovery of authoritarian regimes?

Luke Coffey: Është një terren i rrëshqitshëm dhe kjo është një nga arsyet pse asgjë nuk duhet të dakordohet derisa gjithçka të dakordohet kur bëhet fjalë për këto bisedime paqeje, qoftë me Rusinë apo me Iranin. Të dyja do të përpiqen të marrin çfarë të munden duke dhënë sa më pak të munden.

Radio Evropa e Lirë: Irani dëshiron që negociatat të lidhen me veprimet e Izraelit në Liban. Rusia flet për adresimin e “shkaqeve rrënjësore” të luftës së saj në Ukrainë. A është kjo e njëjta taktikë, pra zgjerimi i konfliktit për ta shmangur përgjegjësinë?

Luke Coffey: Situata është pak më ndryshe, sepse faktorët motivues janë të ndryshëm.

Për Rusinë, kjo ka të bëjë me rindërtimin e një perandorie, ndërsa për Iranin ka të bëjë me përhapjen e një revolucioni. Po të kishim të bënim me Bashkimin Sovjetik, ndoshta do të kishte më shumë ngjashmëri. Por, meqë kemi të bëjmë me Rusinë perandorake, Rusia me të cilën kemi të bëjmë sot është si ajo e kohës së carit. Kemi një Rusi të shekullit XXI me ambicie të shekullit XIX.

Një ngjashmëri është kjo ndjenjë pothuajse e superioritetit etnik. Rusët etnikë mendojnë se janë superiorë ndaj grupeve të tjera etnike përbërëse, qoftë brenda Federatës Ruse apo atyre që dikur ishin pjesë e perandorisë sovjetike, pothuajse në nivel snobizmi.

E njëjta gjë ndodh me Iranin dhe arabët, veçanërisht shtetet e Gjirit, ku persianët e shohin veten si një pushtet me rrënjë të thella – diçka si “paraja e vjetër” – ndërsa shtetet e Gjirit si arabë të pasuruar rishtazi që nuk dinë si të sillen apo si t’i menaxhojnë burimet e tyre të reja.

Radio Evropa e Lirë: Ju keni kaluar vite duke studiuar NATO-n dhe strategjinë ruse. A mendoni se Teherani ka mësuar nga lufta në Ukrainë se këmbëngulja në fund e lodh politikisht Perëndimin?

Luke Coffey: Mendoj se ata e shikojnë çfarë po ndodh në Ukrainë. Por, mendoj se nxjerrin edhe më shumë mësime nga përvoja e Amerikës në Irak dhe Afganistan, si dhe nga mungesa e vullnetit ose mungesa e oreksit politik, për të dislokuar forca ushtarake amerikane në terren në Iran.

Ata e dinë se është shumë e pamundur që presidenti Trump të pajtohet me këtë, kështu që e dinë se ndoshta mund ta përballojnë këtë luftë. Mund t’i absorbojnë dhe t’i përballojnë bombardimet, sulmet ajrore dhe të mbijetojnë në fund.

Dhe, krejt çka duhet të bëjë Irani është të mbijetojë. Nuk e ka patjetër të nevojshme fitoren. Nëse SHBA-ja nuk është e gatshme të vendosë trupa në terren, atëherë arritja e disa synimeve të përshkruara nga Trump duket vërtet e vështirë, në mos e pamundur.

Radio Evropa e Lirë: Trump e quajti përgjigjen më të fundit të Iranit “plotësisht të papranueshme”. A është ky një Iran që po e teston Uashingtonin apo po e teston personalisht Trumpin sepse beson se Shtëpia e Bardhë ende dëshiron marrëveshje aq shumë sa të qëndrojë në tryezë?

Luke Coffey: Trump wants a deal and Iran knows it. These Iranians are not stupid. They are very sophisticated and smart people. They may be extremists, they may be Islamists, but they are not ignorant and they understand the political dynamics in America.

They understand that the midterm elections are coming up. They understand that summer vacation is coming up and that gas prices are affecting Americans.

They saw the latest inflation figures released: 3.8 percent. That's the highest inflation rate in more than three years. So they're quite happy to stick with the status quo.

Yes, it's hard for them. Yes, they're not generating much revenue. Yes, the Strait of Hormuz is effectively closed to them, although there are stories of ships passing through the American blockade. But they're willing to put up with it because, in their society, the way the state structures oppress and control the people means they can endure a terrible economic situation. They can deal with inflation in a way that elected leaders in the US can't, because American politicians are punished at the ballot box.

Trump talks about regime change. There are new people in Iran, and he says similar things about Maduro in Venezuela. But this is not really regime change. It is a change of leadership while the regime itself remains completely intact. Maduro’s domestic security apparatus, intelligence services, and armed forces remain intact, as if he were still there. The same goes for Iran. The tools used for internal repression, such as the IRGC [Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps], remain fully functional.

Yes, they have fewer missiles. They have fewer drones. They have fewer planes. They have virtually no navy. But the internal security structures remain the same. Until those are weakened, the people of Iran will not feel safe or comfortable taking to the streets. And that is the dilemma that Trump will face going forward.

Radio Free Europe: At what point does diplomacy become performative? Critics argue that both Iran and Russia use negotiations as strategic delaying mechanisms while they continue military pressure.

Luke Coffey: There's always a risk that it becomes performative. Symbolism matters in international relations, so perhaps negotiations are at least partly inherently performative, as both sides position themselves to enter into a stronger negotiating position.

That's why it takes wise and experienced statesmen and women to determine when a deal can be reached. When a deal can't be reached, you have to walk away from the table and start pursuing other policy options. But you have to know when you've reached that point, and you have to be realistic about it. I'm not so sure that's exactly what's happening with the administration right now./REL

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