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The constitutionalist assessed that the Protocol on Migration does not set territorial borders nor does it change the territorial integrity of the Republic of Albania...
The Constitutional Court has argued that the Rama-Meloni pact for immigrants does not violate the country's sovereignty.
Today, the court decided with 5 votes in favor and 4 against to overturn the lawsuit filed by the Democratic Party, legitimizing the agreement between Tirana and Rome for housing refugees in Lezha. The president of the court herself, in an explanation for the media, showed why she reached such a conclusion.
According to her, the Constitutionalist has focused on whether or not the pact violates the country's sovereignty. After the analyzes that have been done, the judges come to the conclusion that there is no violation of sovereignty and therefore the pact does not affect the Constitution.
" First, it (the court) assessed that the Protocol on Migration does not set territorial borders nor does it change the territorial integrity of the Republic of Albania, so it does not constitute an agreement that has to do with the territory in the physical aspect.
Secondly, the Constitutional Court assessed that in the two areas where the Migration Protocol operates, Albanian law is applied, in addition to Italian law. It concluded that the international law binding on the Republic of Albania, which is related to the issues of migration and asylum, is also applicable by the Italian authorities due to the ratification of international agreements by the Republic of Italy , "the court emphasizes.
Announcement of the Constitution
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania considered in plenary sessions on the basis of documents, on the dates 18.01.2024, 24.01.2024 and 29.01.2024, the request submitted by 30 deputies of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania, with the object: "Declaration incompatible with the Constitution of the Protocol between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania "For Strengthening Cooperation in the Field of Migration" and the prohibition of its ratification by the Assembly. Suspension of the procedures for the ratification of the Protocol between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania "For Strengthening Cooperation in the Field of Migration".
The Constitutional Court convened today on 29.01.2024, at the end of the examination of this case, assessed that:
Regarding compliance with the procedure of negotiation and signing of the Protocol on Migration, in the direction of the constitutional body that authorized the issuance of the power of attorney, the Court verified the nature and content of the Protocol on Migration, which was negotiated and signed as an intergovernmental agreement, ratifiable in Assembly according to Article 121, point 2, of the Constitution.
Më konkretisht, Gjykata Kushtetuese duke mbajtur në konsideratë jurisprudencën e saj, verifikoi nëse Protokolli për Migracionin përbënte marrëveshje ndërkombëtare që lidhej me territorin dhe të drejtat dhe liritë e njeriut, sipas shkronjave “a” dhe “b” të pikës 1 të nenit 121 të Kushtetutës.
Gjykata Kushtetuese e analizoi konceptin “marrëveshje ndërkombëtare që ka të bëjë me territorin” në dy aspekte:
(i) aspekti fizik; dhe
(ii) aspekti juridiksional të lidhur me sovranitetin.
Së pari, ajo vlerësoi se Protokolli për Migracionin nuk cakton kufij territorialë dhe as nuk ndryshon integritetin territorial të Republikës së Shqipërisë, ndaj ai nuk përbën marrëveshje që ka të bëjë me territorin në aspektin fizik.
Së dyti, Gjykata Kushtetuese vlerësoi se në dy zonat, që vepron Protokolli për Migracionin, zbatohet e drejta shqiptare, përveç të drejtës italiane. Ajo konstatoi se e drejta ndërkombëtare e detyrueshme për Republikën e Shqipërisë, që lidhet me çështjet e migracionit dhe azilit është po ashtu e zbatueshme edhe nga autoritetet italiane për shkak të ratifikimit të marrëveshjeve ndërkombëtare edhe prej Republikës së Italisë. Nën këtë analizë, Gjykata nuk vuri në dyshim ekzistencën e përgjegjësisë së shtetit shqiptar për çështjet që rregullon Protokolli për Migracionin, e cila buron jo vetëm nga normat kushtetuese, por edhe nga e drejta ndërkombëtare që rregullon përgjegjësinë e shteteve në kuadër të zbatimit ekstraterritorial të saj. Në këtë pikëpamje, Gjykata Kushtetuese konstatoi se për të drejtat dhe liritë e njeriut vepron një juridiksion i dyfishtë, që do të thotë juridiksioni italian në dy zonat në fjalë nuk përjashton juridiksionin shqiptar.
Gjithashtu, Gjykata Kushtetuese arriti edhe në përfundimin tjetër se Protokolli për Migracionin nuk përfshihet në kategorinë e marrëveshjeve ndërkombëtare të parashikuara në shkronjën b) të pikës 1 të nenit 121 të Kushtetutës sepse në thelb, ai nuk krijon të drejta dhe liri të reja kushtetuese dhe as nuk sjell kufizime shtesë në të drejtat dhe liritë ekzistuese të njeriut, përtej atyre që parashikohen nga rendi juridik shqiptar.
Bearing in mind that on the one hand the constitutional issue under consideration constitutes an innovation in Albanian jurisprudence, in particular for the concept of international agreement in terms of the jurisdictional aspect related to sovereignty, and on the other hand the Protocol on Migration does not state in any of its provisions that the Government Albania is stripped of exercising jurisdiction over Albanian territory, the Court analyzed whether the Albanian Government had the appropriate powers for the negotiation and signing of the Protocol in question. In this regard, the Court assessed that the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Italy of 1995 constitutes an international framework agreement that according to Article 180 of the Constitution is considered ratified according to the Constitution and constitutes a sufficient basis for the Protocol on the Migration of was negotiated with the authorization of the Prime Minister and powers of attorney issued by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, as well as to be signed by the Prime Minister himself.
For these reasons, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania, in support of articles 131, point 1, letter "b" and 134, point 1, letter "c", of the Constitution, as well as articles 52 and 52/a, letter "a ", of law no. 8577, dated 10.02.2000 "On the organization and functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania", amended, by majority vote,
DECIDE:
Declaration of the protocol between the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Albania and the Government of the Italian Republic, "On strengthening cooperation in the field of migration", in accordance with the Constitution and allowing its ratification by the Assembly.
The final decision will be announced as reasoned within the legal deadlines provided by law no. 8577, dated 10.02.2000 "On the organization and functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania", as amended by the Regulation on the judicial procedures of the Constitutional Court.
Based on Article 52/a, point 2 of the organic law, the final decision is notified to the President, the Assembly and the Council of Ministers and is sent for publication in the Official Gazette. The final decision enters into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette and upon its entry into force, the suspension measure automatically lapses.
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