FLASH
Shkruar nga Pamfleti
December 9, 1979 - Smallpox is officially declared eradicated
An international committee of scientists has declared the eradication of epidemic forms of smallpox. The disease had ravaged humanity for thousands of years, with the earliest known description appearing in Indian accounts from the 2nd century BC.
But it is believed that the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses V died of smallpox in 1145 BC. However, recent research suggests that the actual smallpox virus may have evolved in 1580. A type of vaccination - injecting a small amount of the virus into the body in order to cause a mild illness and induce immunity - was widespread in China as early as the 16th century.
There is no record of a disease similar to smallpox in the Americas before European contact, and the fact that Europeans brought smallpox there was a major factor in the conquest and near-extinction of many indigenous peoples of North, South, and Central America.
Smallpox was the leading cause of death in 18th-century Europe, leading to many experiments with vaccination. In 1796, English scientist Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine. Unlike other types of vaccination, his vaccine was made from a virus that affected cows, and there was no risk of transmission.
Many European countries and American states made infant vaccination mandatory, and cases of the disease dropped significantly during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Compared to other epidemic diseases, such as polio or malaria, eradicating smallpox was relatively simple because the disease lives only in humans, making human vaccination very effective in stopping its spread.
Its symptoms also appear quickly, making it easy to identify and isolate epidemic waves. Beginning in 1967, the World Health Organization launched a worldwide effort to identify and eradicate recent epidemic outbreaks of the disease.
Until the mid-1970s, smallpox was present only in the Horn of Africa and parts of the Indian subcontinent. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in Somalia in 1977. Two years later, doctors declared it eradicated. The elimination of smallpox is one of the great successes in the history of science and medicine.
Other important events:
December 9, 536 - The army of the Byzantine Empire, led by General Belisarius, takes Rome from the Ostrogothic rulers.
December 9, 1905: The English Parliament passes the Poor Relief Act, an important step in the establishment of the social welfare state.
December 9, 1917 - Turkish troops leave Jerusalem after only a day of fighting, and officials of the Holy City hand over the keys of the city to the entering British troops.
December 9, 1931 - Spain declares itself a republic (the Second Spanish Republic) after municipal elections, leading to the flight of King Alfonso XIII.
December 9, 1987 - In Gaza and the West Bank, the First Palestinian Intifada begins against Israeli occupation.
December 9, 1990 - Slobodan Milošević is elected president of Serbia in the republic's first multi-party elections since World War II. The elections followed a new Serbian constitution adopted in September 1990, which formally established a multi-party system but also created a strong presidency for Belgrade's new autocrat.
Milosevic won with 65 percent of the vote in the first round. Also, the party of
His party secured an absolute majority in the National Assembly, winning 194 out of 250 seats. The victory consolidated Milošević's power and entrenched his nationalist platform, which prioritized Serbian interests over the decentralization demanded by other republics such as Slovenia and Croatia, thus hastening the breakup of Yugoslavia.
He was later indicted for war crimes in Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo. After being ousted from power in October 2000, he was arrested in early 2001 and handed over to the Hague Tribunal. The trial began in February 2002, but was repeatedly delayed due to Milosevic's health problems.
On March 11, 2006, he was found dead in his cell.
December 9, 2016 - The World Anti-Doping Agency reveals a "broad institutional conspiracy" involving officials and more than 1,000 Russian athletes in the systematic use of stimulants in major athletic competitions, including the Olympic Games. / Pamphlet
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