Europe continues to lead the world in press freedom, with all of the top 15 countries in the latest Reporters Without Borders rankings located on the continent. Norway, Estonia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland and Denmark top the list, offering journalists strong legal protections and a thriving media environment.
However, the broader view across Europe reveals worrying inequalities.
Southern and Eastern European countries are performing significantly worse.
Greece ranked worst in the EU for the fourth year in a row, affected by surveillance, political interference and legal harassment of journalists. The Western Balkans also remain vulnerable, with countries such as Bosnia, Serbia and Kosovo scoring poorly.
Globally, the outlook is even more alarming.
For the first time since the index began in 2002, the average global press freedom score fell below 55, with over half of countries classified as having “difficult” or “very serious” conditions for journalism. Media concentration, political pressure and economic instability are major contributing factors.
Despite Europe's overall lead, growing internal discord and global backwardness raise urgent questions about the future of free journalism. Can press freedom remain a cornerstone of democracy if so many regions, including parts of Europe, are struggling to protect it?
Meanwhile, Northern Cyprus is ranked separately from Cyprus in position 91.
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