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Rajoni dhe Bota2023-06-18 22:08:49

Accusations against former US President, Experts: Trump did not have the authority to declassify secret documents

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Accusations against former US President, Experts: Trump did not have the

Even while he was president, Donald Trump did not have the legal authority to declassify a document about the United States' nuclear weapons, for the illegal possession of which he is already facing criminal charges. This is the opinion of the experts, who oppose in this way the statements of the former president.

The secret document, the nineteenth in a list of charges against Mr. Trump for endangering national security, can only be declassified under the Nuclear Energy Act through a process involving the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense.

For this reason, experts say, the nuclear document is unique among the 31 documents listed in the indictment, as the declassification of other documents can be done by executive order.

"The claim that he (former President Trump) could have declassified does not apply in the case of nuclear weapons information, as it was not classified by an executive order, but by law," said Steven Aftergood, an expert on government secrets at the Federation of Scientists . Nuclear.

The special status of nuclear-related information further undermines what legal experts consider a weak protection centered on declassification. Without providing facts, former President Trump has claimed that he declassified the documents before taking them out of the White House.

It appears prosecutors will argue that declassification carries no weight, since former President Trump has been charged under the Espionage Act, which takes precedence over classification and criminalizes the unauthorized possession of "national defense information," a term wide that includes secrets that could help the country's enemies.

Document 19 is marked "FRD" (Formerly Restricted Data), a classification given to secret information related to the use of nuclear weapons. The indictment states that the document is undated and that  "it has to do with the nuclear arsenal of the United States".

NUCLEAR DATA RULES

Former President Trump, who pleaded not guilty on Tuesday, has said he declassified while still in office more than 100 documents he received at his Florida home, Mar-a-Lago, a position he has repeated by some Republican lawmakers and other supporters.

But Mr. Aftergood and other experts said the Nuclear Energy Act of 1954, under which the Energy Department oversees the United States' nuclear arsenal, sets out the process for declassifying nuclear weapons records that are among the nation's most closely held secrets. the United States government.

" The law is very clear. There's nothing that says the president can make that decision ," said a former US national security official with experience in the classification system, who asked not to be named.

The most secret information about nuclear weapons is classified as "RD" (Restricted Data), and concerns the design of nuclear warheads and the production of uranium and plutonium, according to an Energy Department guide that serves to explain classification system.

The Energy Department downgrades the nuclear weapons data it sends to the Pentagon from RD to FRD, but the materials remain classified, experts say.

FRD classified materials contain information about the size of the United States' arsenal, the storage and security of nuclear warheads, their location or strength, the explanatory guidance said.

Informacioni FRD mund të deklasifikohet vetëm nëpërmjet një procesi të përcaktuar në Ligjin për Energjinë Bërthamore, sipas të cilit sekretarët e energjisë dhe të mbrojtjes vendosin për heqjen e klasifikimit, thuhet në një material të Departamentit të Drejtësisë.

Jo të gjithë janë dakord se presidenti nuk e ka autoritetin për të deklasifikuar të dhëna bërthamore.

David Jonas, i cili shërbeu për 10 vite si këshilltar ligjor i Administratës Kombëtare për Sigurinë Bërthamore të Shteteve të Bashkuara, një entitet i Departamentit të Energjisë që mbikëqyr arsenalin bërthamor, tha se ish-Presidenti Trump kishte autoritetin kushtetues për të deklasifikuar të gjitha dokumentat e klasifikuara, bazuar në “teorinë e ekzekutivit të bashkuar”, e cila thotë se Kongresi nuk mund të kufizojë kontrollin e presidentit mbi degën ekzekutive.

Presidenti është dega ekzekutive dhe kështu që ai mund të deklasifikojë gjithçka që është informacion bërthamor”, tha ai.

Ekspertë të tjerë e kundërshtojnë këtë pikëpamje.

Elizabeth Goitein, eksperte e legjislacionit për sigurinë kombëtare në Qendrën Brennan për Drejtësinë, tha se Kushtetuta e Shteteve të Bashkuara i jep Kongresit autoritetin të kufizojë pushtetin presidencial për sa i përket pjesës më të madhe të çështjeve të sigurisë kombëtare dhe se “nuk asnjë dyshim se mund të miratojë legjislacion në këtë drejtim”.

Megjithëse presidenti mund të kërkojë deklasifikim të materialeve FRD, “i duhet të kalojë përmes Departamentit të Energjisë dhe Departamentit të Mbrojtjes. Dhe kjo kërkon një kohë shumë të gjatë”, tha Thomas Blanton, drejtor i Arkivit të Sigurisë Kombëtare.

FRD materials should be archived in a space with appropriate security measures, Mr. Aftergood said. " Putting it in your toilet doesn't qualify ," he said, referring to allegations that Mr. Trump stored classified documents in a toilet at Mar-a-Lago./V OA

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